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Articles on Premedication

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Frailty and preoperative anaemia: why the pre-anaesthesia clinic should start earlier
Current German S3 guidelines on frailty and preoperative anaemia shift the focus to individual preparation before surgery. For pre-anaesthesia clinics, this raises a concrete question: are relevant information and findings available in time to organise the necessary steps before the procedure?
November 4, 2026 · 7 min read
Articles & guides
Validated risk scores in premedication: RCRI, Duke Activity Status Index, Apfel score
Several validated scores are used in premedication to estimate risks before a procedure: the Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI) for cardiac complications, the Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) for functional capacity and the Apfel score for the risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). What all three scores have in common is that their validity depends on the completeness of the underlying medical history data.
October 28, 2026 · 5 min read
Articles & guides
Checking drug allergies and cross-allergies in the digital medical history
“Penicillin allergy” is one of the most frequent entries in the preoperative medical history – and one of the least precise. Without more detailed information on the type of reaction, time course and organ system affected, it is impossible to judge whether an allergy is actually present or whether certain alternative drugs can be considered. A structured digital allergy history can ask specifically for exactly the information that makes a reliable classification possible in the first place.
October 15, 2026 · 5 min read
Articles & guides
Avoiding duplicate diagnostics through a structured medical history – the cost factor for hospitals and health insurers
Repeated X-rays, laboratory samples drawn twice, preliminary examinations performed a second time: in the preoperative process, duplicate diagnostics rarely arise because a repeat examination is medically necessary. They arise because existing medical history and findings are lost, incomplete or not available in time at the transition between practice, outpatient clinic and ward. For hospitals, this means double staff and equipment time; for health insurers, double billing for the same clinical question. A structured digital medical history closes exactly this information gap before it leads to unnecessary diagnostics.
August 13, 2026 · 9 min read
Articles & guides
What does a pre-anaesthesia consultation really cost? A health economic calculation.
From the hospital's perspective, a pre-anaesthesia consultation costs around €60 to €85 in full costs, with a range of €30 to €140 depending on the hospital and the case. If patients' time is included, the total societal costs amount to €130 to €180 per case. No systematic, published calculation of these costs exists in the German-speaking countries so far – the following model calculation closes this gap on the basis of current literature.
July 27, 2026 · 11 min read

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Articles on Premedication

Frailty and preoperative anaemia: why the pre-anaesthesia clinic should start earlier

Validated risk scores in premedication: RCRI, Duke Activity Status Index, Apfel score

Checking drug allergies and cross-allergies in the digital medical history

Avoiding duplicate diagnostics through a structured medical history – the cost factor for hospitals and health insurers

What does a pre-anaesthesia consultation really cost? A health economic calculation.

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